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文件系统
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Resources
“文件系统” 意思是通过提供程序来储存、检索及更新数据来组织程序预期终止后要保留的数据,以及管理设备所包含的剩余空间。
Linux有几十个文件系统可用,当考虑到一个特定的用途,每个都有自己的优点和缺点。
文件系统
通用信息
磁盘文件系统
- bcachefs - A next generation, robust, high performance filesystem supporting CoW (Copy-on-write), compression, and encryption.
- Cramfs - A memory and space sensitive compressed filesystem that supports random reading. It avoids the block device layer and tiny embedded systems with very tight memory constraints.
- eCryptfs - The enterprise cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
- efivarfs - a (U)EFI variable filesystem[1]
- ext4 - The default, GPL licensed journaling filesystem for many Linux distributions.
- FAT - The File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem. Originally created for use with Microsoft Windows.
- JFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit Journaled File System (JFS) developed by IBM.[2]
- Btrfs - A copy-on-write B-tree file system (Btrfs) with advanced features (an entirely open source licensed ZFS alternative).
- NTFS - Microsoft Windows' New Technology File System (NTFS) (Windows' default filesystem).
- Aufs - Advanced multi-layered unification file system (Aufs), formerly known as Another union file system.
- OverlayFS - The only union-like filesystem built-in to the Linux kernel.
- ReiserFS - Version 3 of the ReiserFS filesystem.
- Reiser4 - Version 4 of ReiserFS filesystem. Currently not implemented in the mainline Linux kernel.
- SquashFS - A compressed, read-only file system for Linux[3]
- UDF - Universal Disk Format - needed for mounting some kind of .iso files
- GFS2 - Global File System 2: A shared disk filesystem. Typically used in compute clusters.
- UFS - The Unix File System (UFS) also called the Berkeley Fast File System.
- XFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit journaling filesystem created by Silicon Graphics.[4]
- ZFS - A CDDL (non-GPL compatible) licensed, copy-on-write filesystem created by Sun Microsystems.[5]
- F2FS - A Flash-Friendly File System (F2FS) created by Samsung for the Linux kernel.
虚拟文件系统
- wikipedia:Debugfs——为Debuging的目的而使用;主要是为了Linux内核的开发。
- procfs——用于输出和改变系统及进程信息。
- securityfs——被TPM BIOS的字符驱动和IMA所使用的一个完整性提供者。[6]
- sysfs——用于输出关于和配置设备及驱动的信息。
- tmpfs——用于在内存(RAM)中储存文件。
- devtmpfs——udev需要内核中的devtmpfs(维护一个 devtmpfs文件系统来挂载到/dev)。
网络文件系统
- Ceph —为提供出色的性能、可靠性和可扩展性设计的分布式对象存储和文件系统。
- NFS —通用Linux网络文件系统协议。
- SSHFS —实现FUSE来在用户空间挂载文件系统。
- Tahoe-LAFS——最低权限文件存储。
- GlusterFS - 强大的网络/集群文件系统。
基于FUSE的文件系统
- CurlFtpFS - 基于FUSE的访问FTP主机的文件系统
- exFAT - 用于 extended FAT的 FUSE文件系统.
- FuseISO - FUSE模块挂载ISO文件系统映像。
- MTPfs - 提供对媒体传输协议(MTP)设备的访问的FUSE文件系统。
- smbnetfs - 适用于SMB共享的FUSE文件系统。
- squashfuse - 使用FUSE挂载SquashFS档案。
使用
挂载
文件系统可以用多种方式挂载:
- mount——用于手动挂载文件系统的命令。需要管理员权限或条目在/etc/fstab中。
- /etc/fstab——包含系统可挂载的文件系统的描述性信息。
- Removable media - 按需挂载。
- Udevil - 一个只有很小依赖的小型自动挂载工具。
- AutoFS - 在文件访问时自动挂载。
参见
外部资源
参考
- ↑ https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/efivarfs.txt
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_file_system
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS
- ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git/tree/security/Kconfig