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Filesystem/ko

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A filesystem is a means to organize data expected to be retained after a program terminates by providing procedures to store, retrieve, and update data as well as manage the available space on the device(s) which contain it.

리눅스에는 여러가지 파일 시스템이 있으며 각 파일 시스템의 활용을 고려했을 때 장점과 단점이 있습니다.

파일 시스템

일반 정보

디스크 파일 시스템

  • bcachefs - A next generation, robust, high performance filesystem supporting CoW (Copy-on-write), compression, and encryption.
  • Cramfs - A memory and space sensitive compressed filesystem that supports random reading. It avoids the block device layer and tiny embedded systems with very tight memory constraints.
  • eCryptfs - The enterprise cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
  • efivarfs - a (U)EFI variable filesystem[1]
  • ext4 - The default, GPL licensed journaling filesystem for many Linux distributions.
  • FAT - The File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem. Originally created for use with Microsoft Windows.
  • JFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit Journaled File System (JFS) developed by IBM.[2]
  • Btrfs - A copy-on-write B-tree file system (Btrfs) with advanced features (an entirely open source licensed ZFS alternative).
  • NTFS - Microsoft Windows' New Technology File System (NTFS) (Windows' default filesystem).
  • Aufs - Advanced multi-layered unification file system (Aufs), formerly known as Another union file system.
  • OverlayFS - The only union-like filesystem built-in to the Linux kernel.
  • ReiserFS - Version 3 of the ReiserFS filesystem.
  • Reiser4 - Version 4 of ReiserFS filesystem. Currently not implemented in the mainline Linux kernel.
  • SquashFS - A compressed, read-only file system for Linux[3]
  • UDF - Universal Disk Format - needed for mounting some kind of .iso files
  • GFS2 - Global File System 2: A shared disk filesystem. Typically used in compute clusters.
  • UFS - The Unix File System (UFS) also called the Berkeley Fast File System.
  • XFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit journaling filesystem created by Silicon Graphics.[4]
  • ZFS - A CDDL (non-GPL compatible) licensed, copy-on-write filesystem created by Sun Microsystems.[5]
  • F2FS - A Flash-Friendly File System (F2FS) created by Samsung for the Linux kernel.

가상 파일 시스템

  • debugfs - Used for debugging purposes; primarily Linux kernel development.
  • procfs - Used to output and change of system and process information.
  • securityfs - Used by the TPM BIOS character driver and IMA, an integrity provider.[6]
  • sysfs - Used to output information about and to configure devices and drivers.
  • tmpfs - Used to store files in memory (RAM).
  • devtmpfs - udev requires devtmpfs (Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev) in the kernel.

네트워크 파일 시스템

  • Ceph - A distributed object store and filesystem designed to provide excellent performance, reliability, and scalability.
  • NFS - A common Linux network file system protocol.
  • SSHFS - Implements FUSE to mount filesystems in user space.
  • Tahoe-LAFS - A Least Authority File Store (LAFS).
  • GlusterFS - A powerful network/cluster filesystem.

FUSE 기반 파일 시스템

  • CurlFtpFS - File system for accessing FTP hosts based on FUSE.
  • exFAT - A FUSE filesystem for the extended FAT filesystem.
  • FuseISO - FUSE module to mount ISO filesystem images.
  • MTPfs - A FUSE filesystem providing access to Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) devices.
  • smbnetfs - A FUSE filesystem for SMB shares.
  • squashfuse - Mount SquashFS archives using FUSE.

사용법

마운트

파일 시스템은 여러가지 방식으로 마운트할 수 있습니다:

  • mount - 직접 파일 시스템을 마운트할 때 활용하는 명령어입니다. 관리 권한을 갖추거나 /etc/fstab에 항목을 넣으면 됩니다.
  • /etc/fstab - 시스템에서 마운트할 수 있는 파일 시스템을 자세하게 알려주는 정보가 들어있습니다.
  • Removable media - 파일을 요청할 때마다 마운트합니다.
  • Udevil - 적은 의존성을 지닌 소규모 자동 마운트 유틸리티.
  • AutoFS - 파일에 접근할 때 자동으로 마운트합니다.

추가 참조

  • bcache - 리눅스 커널 블록 계층 캐시.
  • FUSE - 사용자 영역 파일 시스템(FUSE).

외부 자료

참고 자료

  1. ↑ https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/efivarfs.txt
  2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_file_system
  3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS
  5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS
  6. ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git/tree/security/Kconfig
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