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Système de fichiers

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A filesystem is a means to organize data expected to be retained after a program terminates by providing procedures to store, retrieve, and update data as well as manage the available space on the device(s) which contain it.

Un système d'exploitation GNU/Linux peut utiliser divers systèmes de fichiers (voir ci-dessous).

Liste de systèmes de fichiers

Informations générales

Systèmes de fichiers usuels

  • bcachefs - A next generation, robust, high performance filesystem supporting CoW (Copy-on-write), compression, and encryption.
  • Cramfs - A memory and space sensitive compressed filesystem that supports random reading. It avoids the block device layer and tiny embedded systems with very tight memory constraints.
  • eCryptfs - The enterprise cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
  • efivarfs - a (U)EFI variable filesystem[1]
  • ext4 - The default, GPL licensed journaling filesystem for many Linux distributions.
  • FAT - The File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem. Originally created for use with Microsoft Windows.
  • JFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit Journaled File System (JFS) developed by IBM.[2]
  • Btrfs - A copy-on-write B-tree file system (Btrfs) with advanced features (an entirely open source licensed ZFS alternative).
  • NTFS - Microsoft Windows' New Technology File System (NTFS) (Windows' default filesystem).
  • Aufs - Advanced multi-layered unification file system (Aufs), formerly known as Another union file system.
  • OverlayFS - The only union-like filesystem built-in to the Linux kernel.
  • ReiserFS - Version 3 of the ReiserFS filesystem.
  • Reiser4 - Version 4 of ReiserFS filesystem. Currently not implemented in the mainline Linux kernel.
  • SquashFS - A compressed, read-only file system for Linux[3]
  • UDF - Universal Disk Format - needed for mounting some kind of .iso files
  • GFS2 - Global File System 2: A shared disk filesystem. Typically used in compute clusters.
  • UFS - The Unix File System (UFS) also called the Berkeley Fast File System.
  • XFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit journaling filesystem created by Silicon Graphics.[4]
  • ZFS - A CDDL (non-GPL compatible) licensed, copy-on-write filesystem created by Sun Microsystems.[5]
  • F2FS - A Flash-Friendly File System (F2FS) created by Samsung for the Linux kernel.

Systèmes de fichiers virtuels

  • debugfs - Used for debugging purposes; primarily Linux kernel development.
  • procfs - Used to output and change of system and process information.
  • securityfs - Used by the TPM BIOS character driver and IMA, an integrity provider.[6]
  • sysfs - Used to output information about and to configure devices and drivers.
  • tmpfs - Used to store files in memory (RAM).
  • devtmpfs - udev requires devtmpfs (Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev) in the kernel.

Systèmes de fichiers distribués

  • Ceph - A distributed object store and filesystem designed to provide excellent performance, reliability, and scalability.
  • NFS - A common Linux network file system protocol.
  • SSHFS - Implements FUSE to mount filesystems in user space.
  • Tahoe-LAFS - A Least Authority File Store (LAFS).
  • GlusterFS - A powerful network/cluster filesystem.

Systèmes de fichiers de type FUSE

  • CurlFtpFS - File system for accessing FTP hosts based on FUSE.
  • exFAT - A FUSE filesystem for the extended FAT filesystem.
  • FuseISO - FUSE module to mount ISO filesystem images.
  • MTPfs - A FUSE filesystem providing access to Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) devices.
  • smbnetfs - A FUSE filesystem for SMB shares.
  • squashfuse - Mount SquashFS archives using FUSE.

Utilisation

Montage

Les systèmes de fichiers peuvent être montés de plusieurs façons :

  • mount - Commande utilisée pour monter manuellement les systèmes de fichiers. Son utilisation requiert des privilèges d'administrateurs sauf si le système de fichiers est spécifié dans le fichier /etc/fstab (voir ci-dessous).
  • /etc/fstab - Ce fichier indique comment monter les systèmes de fichiers qui y sont mentionnés.
  • Média amovible - Gestion automatique du montage.
  • Udevil - Petit utilitaire ayant peu de dépendances qui permet une gestion automatique du montage.
  • AutoFS - Montage automatique lors de l'accès à un fichier se situant sur le système de fichiers.

Voir aussi

  • bcache - Antémémoire du noyau Linux exploitée lors de l'accès aux dispositifs de stockage.
  • FUSE - Système de fichiers pouvant être géré par les utilisateurs.

Ressources externes

Références

  1. ↑ https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/efivarfs.txt
  2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_file_system
  3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS
  5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS
  6. ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git/tree/security/Kconfig
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