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Network management using DHCPCD
This article is based on a posting in the Gentoo Forums and explains how to use dhcpcd for complete network stack management.
Setup
Make sure dhcpcd is installed. Next, add it to the default runlevel and start the service:
root #
rc-update add dhcpcd default
root #
/etc/init.d/dhcpcd start
This setup deviates from the default networking instructions in the Gentoo Handbook. It has the advantage that it provides automatic switching between wired and wireless network interfaces.
Wireless
For wireless, wpa_supplicant should be used. Create the configuration file if it does not exist.
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
# Allow users in the 'wheel' group to control wpa_supplicant ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel # Make this file writable for wpa_gui / wpa_cli update_config=1
Emerge wpa_supplicant (Version >=2.6-r2 is needed in order to get the CONFIG_MATCH_IFACE option added in April 2017.)
root #
emerge --ask net-wireless/wpa_supplicant
complete its conf.d file with the -M
option
/etc/conf.d/wpa_supplicant
wpa_supplicant_args="-B -M -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf"
and run it as a service:
root #
rc-update add wpa_supplicant default
root #
/etc/init.d/wpa_supplicant start
Testing
Stop the dhcpcd service, then start dhcpcd with the -d (--debug) and -B (--nobackground) options enabled to see it starting the connection.
root #
/etc/init.d/dhcpcd stop
root #
dhcpcd -dB
dhcpcd-6.11.3 starting dev: loaded udev eth0: executing `/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-run-hooks' PREINIT eth0: executing `/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-run-hooks' NOCARRIER wlan0: executing `/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-run-hooks' PREINIT wlan0: executing `/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-run-hooks' CARRIER DUID xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx wlan0: IAID XX:XX:XX:XX wlan0: delaying IPv6 router solicitation for 0.9 seconds wlan0: delaying IPv4 for 0.3 seconds eth0: waiting for carrier wlan0: reading lease `/var/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-wlan0-.lease' wlan0: rebinding lease of 192.168.178.23 wlan0: sending REQUEST (xid 0x66820be2), next in 3.3 seconds wlan0: acknowledged 192.168.178.23 from 192.168.178.1 wlan0: leased 192.168.178.23 for 864000 seconds wlan0: renew in 432000 seconds, rebind in 756000 seconds wlan0: writing lease `/var/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-wlan0-.lease' wlan0: IP address 192.168.178.23/24 already exists wlan0: changing route to 192.168.178.0/24 wlan0: changing default route via 192.168.178.1 wlan0: ARP announcing 192.168.178.23 (1 of 2), next in 2.0 seconds wlan0: executing `/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-run-hooks' BOUND wlan0: soliciting an IPv6 router wlan0: sending Router Solicitation wlan0: ARP announcing 192.168.178.23 (2 of 2)
Static IP address
In case the network interface card should be configured with a static IP address, type it into the graphical user interface. Without the graphical user interface, entries can also be manually added (currently offline) to /etc/dhcpcd.conf as described in Dhcpcd#Static_IP_addresses.
Migration from Gentoo net.* scripts
When migrating from Gentoo's net.* scripts it is essential to remove the net.* scripts from the runlevels.
user $
rc-config list | grep 'wpa_supplicant\|dhcpcd\|net.'
net.wlp8s0 default dhcpcd default
Any match starting with net.
must not have a runlevel assigned. In the above example, net.wlp8s0 needs to be removed.
root #
rc-update del net.wlp8s0
root #
/etc/init.d/net.wlp8s0 stop
Once the network setup works well, it is possible to completely remove the old Gentoo net.* scripts. To do so, disable the netifrc
USE flag, re-emerge sys-apps/openrc and finally unmerge net-misc/netifrc:
root #
echo 'sys-apps/openrc -netifrc' >> /etc/portage/package.use
root #
emerge --ask --newuse --oneshot sys-apps/openrc
root #
emerge --ask --verbose --depclean net-misc/netifrc
Also the old configuration files and symlinks can be removed:
root #
rm /etc/conf.d/net
root #
rm /etc/init.d/net.*
Network dependent services
Manipulating network dependent services by dhcpcd is no longer supported since openrc-0.16.4.
Graphical User interface
A dhcpcd graphical user interface is provided by net-misc/dhcpcd-ui.