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VDR

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This article contains instructions on how to prepare Gentoo Linux for DVB and VDR.

General information to DVB

What is DVB?

DVB stands for Digital Video Broadcasting. DVB describes methods to transfer digital data of TV, radio, interactive services like MHP, EPG and teletext. Through data compression with MPEG-2, or H.264 for HDTV, it's possible to transfer several channels on the same frequency. The more data compression, the more channels can be transferred, however it is paid for by loss of quality.

DVB can be transferred in several ways. The trailing letter identifies the method of transfer, e.g. DVB-T for terrestrial transmission. There are several more types:

  • DVB-S for transmission over satellites;
  • DVB-C for transmission over cable;
  • DVB-H for transmission to mobile devices (terrestrial);
  • DVB-IPI for transmission over IP based networks, e.g. internet;
  • DVB-RC(S/C/T) return channel for the transmission of data services, e.g. broadband internet.

Types and requirement of DVB cards

Besides the different methods available to receive a DVB stream, the cards are classified by their type of produced output. There are cards with a decoder implemented which offer direct access to the stream by the device /dev/video. These cards are full featured cards. Other cards have no own decoder implemented and require a software decoder on the computer and are budget cards. This implies higher system requirements. The computer's CPU should run at at least 600 MHz, and have at least 256MB of RAM. This list is useful for identifying the card.

Preparing the system

Configuring the kernel

First, ensure that the kernel supports DVB and the DVB device. Since kernel version 2.6 the necessary drivers are included. Check the kernel configuration and make sure the following options are selected as a static driver or as modules.

KERNEL Required kernel options
Input Device Support --->
* Event Interface
Device Drivers --->
<M> Multimedia Support --->
  [*] Digital TV support
   M  [Enable driver(s)]

Additionally select the proper driver for the system's hardware. To find the right module for the card mark every driver as module. If a PCI card is being used, then install the sys-apps/pciutils package if it has not been previously installed. This will provide a helpful tool called lspci. For built-in drivers or if there is no PCI card in the system then skip this step and continue with Checking the kernel output.

root #emerge --ask sys-apps/pciutils

After booting from the new kernel, run pcimodules to list the required modules:

root #pcimodules
ohci-hcd
ehci-hcd
sis900
snd-emu10k1
b2c2-flexcop-pci
nvidia
nvidiafb

In this case the module b2c2-flexcop-pci needs to be loaded. Add the module's name to the /etc/conf.d/modules file:

FILE /etc/conf.d/modules
modules="b2c2-flexcop-pci"

Checking the kernel output

It is recommended to mark every driver as module, so that the required module can be added dynamically, especially if it is unclear at first which module should be added. If the module name is known then select the driver as a built-in driver. Compile the kernel, install the modules, and boot the new kernel. Verify the kernel has successfully detected the PCI card by using the dmesg utility.

If the system has a TerraTec Cinergy T2 card the output might look something like the following:

root #dmesg | grep DVB
DVB: registering new adaptor (TerraTec/qanu USB2.0 Highspeed DVB-T Receiver).
input: TerraTec/qanu USB2.0 Highspeed DVB-T Receiver remote control as /class/input/input2

Installing VDR

To install VDR simply emerge it:

root #emerge --ask media-video/vdr

Installing the remote control

There are at least two ways to control VDR via an infrared remote control. If the TV card has an onboard IR receiver then vdr-remote can be used. Otherwise, use LIRC.

Installing vdr-remote

Install the plugin via an emerge command:

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/vdr-remote
root #eselect vdr-plugin enable remote

When using the remote plugin for the IR port on a DVB card everything should be fine with the default configuration. It automatically uses the input device which has "dvb" in its name. For more advanced uses take a look at /etc/conf.d/vdr.remote file.

Alternative: installing LIRC

If the card can be remotely controlled but managing it via vdr-remote is not desired, then LIRC should be configured. LIRC interprets the pressed keys and returns a name for each one. A program that supports LIRC waits for key events and runs the action configured in the configuration file, mostly stored in the configuration directory of the executing program (e.g. mplayer loads the file ~/.mplayer/lircrc). Before LIRC is installed add lirc as a USE flag and add a special variable called LIRC_DEVICES to /etc/portage/make.conf. Use this list to find the proper arguments for the new make.conf variable.

FILE /etc/portage/make.conf
# (Replace "devinput" with the proper driver)
LIRC_DEVICES="devinput"
USE="lirc"
root #emerge --ask app-misc/lirc

At start each key code must be defined with a name. Most supported remote controls are configured already, so take a look at the remote list. Download the required file and save it as /etc/lircd.conf. Now find out where to access the remote control. Run the following command to get a list of the current input devices (make sure the device is running).

root #cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0000 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000
N: Name="TerraTec/qanu USB2.0 Highspeed DVB-T Receiver remote control"
P: Phys=usb-0000:00:1d.7-1/input0
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input2
H: Handlers=kbd event1
B: EV=100003
B: KEY=108fc210 2043 0 0 0 0 8000 2080 1 9e1680 0 0 ffc

In this case the Terratec Cinergy T2 device plugged in, so the device can be accessed over /dev/input/<event1>. Replace <event1> with the matching device listed in the output.

lircd needs to know the device to use. Add the following line to the /etc/conf.d/lircd file. Remember to replace <devinput> with the name of the driver and <event1> with the actual device:

FILE /etc/conf.d/lircd
LIRCD_OPTS="-H <devinput> -d /dev/input/<event1>"

It is time to start lircd:

root #/etc/init.d/lircd start

Now it should be possible to watch lircd capturing and decoding key presses. Run the irw command. Stop it by pressing Ctrl+C when enough keys have been pressed.

root #irw
0000000000001aa2 00 Exit Technisat_TTS35AI.conf
0000000000001a8d 00 Mute Technisat_TTS35AI.conf
0000000000000a97 00 OK Technisat_TTS35AI.conf
0000000000000a97 01 OK Technisat_TTS35AI.conf
0000000000000a92 00 Menu Technisat_TTS35AI.conf

Next, add it to the default runlevel so that it starts automatically at boot time:

root #rc-update add lircd default

To be able to use the remote control, LIRC support must be enabled in VDR. Add the following line to the /etc/conf.d/vdr file:

FILE /etc/conf.d/vdr
IR_CTRL="lirc"

Video output methods

Now decide on one (and only one) of the following video output devices which show the picture and the overlayed On Screen Display (OSD).

Hardware decoding: full-featured DVB cards

Install media-plugins/vdr-dvbhddevice when using an TechnoTrend Premium S2-6400 Twin HD, or general hardware decoding for SDTV and HDTV (MPEG2 and MPEG4 AVC/H.264):

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/vdr-dvbhddevice

For Fujitsu_Siemens, Hauppage WinTV and TechnoTrend Premium S2300 and cards based on this reference design, or general hardware decoding for SDTV (MPEG1 and MPEG2):

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/vdr-dvbsddevice

Hardware decoding: DXR3/Hollywood+ cards

To use a DXR3 card for VDR output the vdr-dxr3 plugin is needed:

root #emerge --ask vdr-dxr3
FILE /etc/conf.d/modules
modules="em8300"

The em8300 module need some configuration that depends on the exact revision of that card.

Hardware decoding: PVR350 cards

Since PVR350 cards have an onboard MPEG-Decoder chip it should be used to its full potential. In order for this to happen the vdr-pvr350 plugin is needed. If ivtv-driver is not yet installed emerge should automatically install it. To have the ivtv module loaded at boot time add it to the /etc/conf.d/modules list:

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/vdr-pvr350
FILE /etc/conf.d/modules
modules="ivtv"

Software decoding: vdr-xineliboutput

Some people prefer to use vdr-xineliboutput, because it can work remotely. Follow the next set of instructions to configure vdr-xineliboutput on a host and client. First, the host setup:

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/vdr-xineliboutput
root #eselect vdr-plugin enable xineliboutput

Adding command line options at this point is crucial for xineliboutput to work. For more options, see vdr --help.

FILE /etc/conf.d/vdr.xineliboutput
_EXTRAOPTS="--local=none --remote=37890"

The next step is to edit /etc/vdr/svdrphosts.conf. This file describes a number of host addresses that are allowed to connect to the SVDRP port of the video disk recorder running on the host system.

FILE /etc/vdr/svdrphosts.conf
# (The proper syntax is: IP-Address[/Netmask])
127.0.0.1             (always accept localhost)
192.168.1.0/24        (any host on the local net)
#204.152.189.113      (a specific host)
#0.0.0.0/0            (any host on any net - USE THIS WITH CARE!)

When using vdr-xineliboutput to view the picture on the same computer as the one running VDR it is now possible to continue with #creating the channel list.

Otherwise, simply emerge media-plugins/vdr-xineliboutput on the client:

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/vdr-xineliboutput

Later (after having started VDR) the vdr-sxfe xvdr://hostname command can be used to connect to the VDR and view its picture and OSD.

Note
There is also a plugin which simulates the existence of a real output device (vdr-dummydevice) for some fancy uses like record-only servers, but that is more advanced than a normal VDR setup.

Creating a channel list

To make VDR really useful an appropriate channel list must be created. There is more than one way to get a working list of channels (besides downloading one). The channel list installed by default is for DVB-S reception on Astra on 19.2° E.

Using dvbscan from linuxtv-dvb-apps

root #emerge --ask media-tv/linuxtv-dvb-apps

Find the correct frequency list for region and type of reception of interest. These files are stored under /usr/share/dvb. For reception with DVB-T in Germany, Berlin /usr/share/dvb/dvb-t/de-Berlin should be used:

user $dvbscan -o vdr /usr/share/dvb/dvb-t/de-Berlin > /etc/vdr/channels.conf

Using vdr-reelchannelscan

First, delete the contents of the existing channel list:

root #rm /etc/vdr/channels.conf
root #emerge --ask vdr-reelchannelscan
root #eselect vdr-plugin enable reelchannelscan

Channels for systems using vdr-analogtv

It is a good idea to configure channels at this point. The VDR project provides users with some examples which can be found at /usr/share/doc/vdr-analogtv-$version/examples/, as long as media-plugins/vdr-analogtv-1.0.00-r1 and up has been installed.

Starting VDR

After having all basic software parts ready on the system the VDR with its OSD must be configured.

If a hardware decoder for picture output is used, then the connected TV should be turned on. When using software output the client for this must be started after VDR.

First, learn the key definitions; that is, connecting keys on the remote control to VDR's internal commands.

Note
To edit the keyboard configuration, or (more likely) to delete it to go back to learning the keys the special configuration file can be modified. VDR stores its key-definitions in /etc/vdr/remote.conf.

We begin with starting VDR:

root #/etc/init.d/vdr start
* Preparing start of vdr:
*   config files ...                                        [ ok ]
*   Waiting for prerequisites (devices nodes etc.) ...      [ ok ]
* Starting vdr ...                                          [ ok ]
* First start of vdr: No check for running vdr possible
* until control device (remote/keyboard) keys are learnt!
Note
Users of software decoders should now start the client program that opens the window to show the TV picture and the OSD.

For users of vdr-softdevice:

root #ShmClient

For users of vdr-xineliboutput:

root #vdr-sxfe xvdr://hostname

The most useful keys for VDR are:

  • Cursor keys (Left/Right/Up/Down)
  • Menu/Exit/Ok
  • Colors (Red/Green/Yellow/Blue)
  • Number keys (0-9)
Important
If not many keys exist on the remote be sure to assign these. Some remotes have Play/Pause/etc. on the same keys as the colors, so use them for the colors.

Now that the basic installation is over it is time to configure VDR. Switch to the output screen and follow the on-screen instructions. VDR asks the user to press various keys on the remote control so it can learn the correct key codes. If a remote control is not present, then the keyboard can be used as an alternative.

Now add the VDR init script to the default runlevel to get it started each time the computer boots:

root #rc-update add vdr default

トラブルシューティング

If help is needed feel free to ask someone in #gentoo-vdr, or look around on the Gentoo forums

This page is based on a document formerly found on our main website gentoo.org.
The following people contributed to the original document: Norman Golisz, Dimitry Bradt, Matthias Schwarzott, Joshua Saddler
They are listed here because wiki history does not allow for any external attribution. If you edit the wiki article, please do not add yourself here; your contributions are recorded on each article's associated history page.

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