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Lenovo Thinkpad W540

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This article describes installation and configuration instructions for the Lenovo Thinkpad W540. Although several different configurations for the model exist, these instructions should work for all of them. Note that the model documented does not contain a WAN card, and other sources should be explored for configuration of the hardware.

Hardware

  • Intel® Core™ i7-4600M Processor (4M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)
  • NVIDIA® Quadro® K1100M with Optimus
  • 15.6" FHD (1920 x 1080), anti-glare, 300 nits, 500:1 contrast ratio
  • 16GB PC3-12800 1600MHz DDR3L, non-parity, dual-channel capable DDRM
  • Integrated 720p HD Camera
  • 9-cell Li-Ion battery - 57++ (99.9Wh)
  • Fingerprint Reader
  • 4-in-1 card reader (MMC, SD, SDHC, SDXC), supports UHS-II SD card
  • 1 x Ethernet (RJ45)

Optional WAN Cards:

  • Ericsson N5321 Mobile Broadband HSPA+
  • Sierra Wireless EM7355 (mutually exclusive with M.2 SSD)

lspci

Use the following lspci output to determine what kernel drivers are used for the hardware. This is especially useful when configuring wifi (``iwlwifi`` is used). Note that even though a Core i7 is used in the configuration, ``lspci`` displays it as a Xeon. It is a 4th generation processor none the less.

root #lspci -k
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 06)
	Subsystem: Lenovo Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller
libkmod: kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf line 5: ignoring bad line starting with 'nvidia'
libkmod: kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf line 6: ignoring bad line starting with 'nvidia_modeset'
libkmod: kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf line 7: ignoring bad line starting with 'nvidia_uvm'
libkmod: kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf line 8: ignoring bad line starting with 'nvidia_drm'
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor PCI Express x16 Controller (rev 06)
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 06)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
	Kernel driver in use: i915
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller (rev 06)
	Subsystem: Lenovo Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller
	Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI
	Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection I217-LM (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo Ethernet Connection I217-LM
	Kernel driver in use: e1000e
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #2 (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI
	Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller
	Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev d4)
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 (rev d4)
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev d4)
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev d4)
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI
	Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation QM87 Express LPC Controller (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo QM87 Express LPC Controller
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode]
	Kernel driver in use: ahci
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
	Subsystem: Lenovo 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
	Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107GLM [Quadro K1100M] (rev a1)
	Subsystem: Lenovo GK107GLM [Quadro K1100M]
	Kernel driver in use: nvidia
	Kernel modules: nvidia_drm, nvidia
02:00.0 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller (rev 01)
	Subsystem: Lenovo SD/MMC Card Reader Controller
	Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci
03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 83)\
	Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-AC 7260
	Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
	Kernel modules: iwlwifi

lsusb

The following output can be used to determine the USB drivers. It also shows the vendor of the fingerprint reader, which is not configured in this guide.

root #lsusb -tv
/:  Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 5000M
/:  Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 480M
    |__ Port 5: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Chip/SmartCard, Driver=, 12M
    |__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
    |__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
    |__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 2, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
    |__ Port 7: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=, 12M
    |__ Port 12: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
    |__ Port 12: Dev 6, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
root #lsusb
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp. 
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8008 Intel Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 138a:0017 Validity Sensors, Inc. Fingerprint Reader
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 058f:9540 Alcor Micro Corp. AU9540 Smartcard Reader
Bus 003 Device 006: ID 5986:026a Acer, Inc 
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Installation

Firmware

All of the required firmware, including the wifi driver should be available in the sys-kernel/linux-firmware package.

Kernel

This does not include specific settings to, for example, the init system that you are using, or the graphics drivers.

Note at the time this article was written, the kernel version used was 4.12.5

KERNEL Enable support for these hardware drivers
Power management and ACPI options  --->
  [*] ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) Support  --->
    <*> AC Adapter
    <*> Battery
    <*> Button
    <*> Video
    <*> Fan
    <*> Dock
CPU Frequency scaling  --->
    <*> CPU Frequency Transition Statistics
    Default CPUFreq governor (performance)
    <*> 'performance' governor
    <*> 'powersave' governor
    [*] Intel P state control
[*] Networking support  --->
  <*> Bluetooth subsystem support  --->
    Bluetooth device drivers  --->
      <*> HCI USB driver
  <*> Wireless  --->
    <*> cfg80211 - wireless configuration API -->
        <*> cfg80211 - wireless extensions compatability
    <*> Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack (mac80211)
  <*> RF switch subsystem support
Device Drivers  --->
  <*> Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers  --->
    <*> AHCI SATA support
  [*] Network device support  --->
    [*] Ethernet driver support  --->
      [*] Intel devices
        <*> Intel(R) PRO/1000 PCI-Express Gigabit Ethernet support
    [*] Wireless LAN  --->
      <M> Intel Wireless WiFi Next Gen AGN - Wireless-N/Advanced-N/Ultimate-N (iwlwifi)
      <M> Intel Wireless WiFi MVM Firmware support
  <*> I2C support  --->
    I2C Hardware Bus support  --->
      <*> Intel 82801 (ICH/PCH)
  <*> Hardware Monitoring support  --->
    <*> Intel Core/Core2/Atom temperature sensor
  Multifunction device drivers  --->
    <*> Intel SCH LPC
    <*> Realtek PCI-E card reader
  <*> Multimedia support  --->
    [*] Media USB Adapters  --->
      <*> USB Video Class (UVC)
  Graphics support  --->
    <*> Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) -->
        [*] Enable legacy fbdev support for the modesettting intel driver
    <*> Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics
      [*] Enable modesetting on intel by default
      [*] Enable alpha quality support for new intel hardware by default
    Console display driver support  --->
      <*> Framebuffer Console support
    Support for Framebuffer Devices -->
      <*> EFI based Framebuffer support
  <*> Sound card support  --->
    <*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture  --->
      [*] PCI sound devices  --->
        [*] Intel/SiS/nVidia/AMD Controller
        [*] Intel/SiS/nVidia/AMD Modem
      <*> Intel HD Audio  --->
          [*] Build HDMI/DisplayPort HD-audio codec support
  [*] USB support  --->
    <*> xHCI HCD (USB 3.0) support
    <*> EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support
  <*> MMC/SD/SDIO card support
    <*> Realtek PCI-E SD/MMC Card Interface Driver
  [*] X86 Platform Specific Device Drivers  --->
    <*> ThinkPad ACPI Laptop Extras
  [*] IOMMU Hardware Support  --->
    [*] Support for Intel IOMMU using DMA Remapping Devices

Note: Bluetooth was not tested on the system. The kernel parameters enabled for bluetooth are based on previous thinkpad articles.

Video Card Setup with Nvidia Binary Drivers

The laptop has a dual GPU setup operating on Nvidia Optimus. The integrated intel card is what is attached to the laptop screen, and the discrete Quadro card is what interfaces with the outside HDMI and DisplayPort. It is possible to run the laptop without the discrete graphics card for better power usage, however doing so will sacrifice the ability to output to HDMI or Display Port. To do so, simply compile only for the intel driver, and X-server should pick everything up by default without any extra configuration.

The better option is to use the discrete card. Note that it's recommended to use the binary nvidia driver in place of the open source nouveau driver, as the binary driver offers the best performance, and features Prime Synchronization, which eliminates screen tearing (a prominent problem on the laptop as it uses hybrid graphics). The caveat is that the discrete card has no ability to turn off on the binary driver, thus offering worse battery performance compared to the nouveau driver.

To configure your system to use the binary driver, add to your VIDEO_CARDS field in make.conf:

FILE /etc/portage/make.conf
VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia intel i965"

Update the system, which should automatically install the nvidia driver package.

root #emerge --ask --changed-use --deep @world

Your X.org server configuration should look like this. This will enable PRIME on the device, allowing the machine to use both its discrete card for rendering, and intel card for displaying to laptop screen.

FILE /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier "layout"
    Screen 0 "nvidia"
    Inactive "intel"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier "nvidia"
    Driver "nvidia"
    BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "nvidia"
    Device "nvidia"
    Option "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration"
    #Option "UseDisplayDevice" "none"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier "intel"
    Driver "modesetting"
    BusID "PCI:0:2:0"
    #Option "AccelMethod"  "sna"
    #Option "TearFree" "True"
    #Option "Tiling" "True"
    #Option "SwapbuffersWait" "True"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "intel"
    Device "intel"
EndSection

Prime Synchronization

To eliminate any screen tearing, PRIME Synchronization will need to be enabled. To do this, some nvidia kernel modules have to be loaded in at startup. Add the following entries to the nvidia.conf file in the modprobe.d folder:

FILE /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
nvidia
nvidia_modeset
nvidia_uvm
nvidia_drm

options nvidia_drm modeset=1

You will also have to add the following lines to your ~/.xinitrc or display manager start script:

FILE ~/.xinitrc
xrandr --setprovideroutputsource modesetting NVIDIA-0
xrandr --auto
xrandr --dpi=96 # Optional, if the text is too large or small by default when you start

After a restart,you can verify that prime is working and functioning by running xrandr, which should produce the following outputː

user $ xrandr --listproviders
Providers: number : 2
Provider 0: id: 0x316 cap: 0x1, Source Output crtcs: 4 outputs: 2 associated providers: 1 name:NVIDIA-0
Provider 1: id: 0x48 cap: 0x2, Sink Output crtcs: 3 outputs: 6 associated providers: 1 name:modesetting

You can also verify that Prime Synchronization is turned on by looking at the Prime Synchronization field under the eDP-1-1 field:

user $xrandr --props
eDP-1-1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm
	EDID: 
		00ffffffffffff000daec01500000000
		04170104952213780246359e57579427
		14505400000001010101010101010101
		010101010101383b802c71383a405a3c
		690058c210000018000000fe004e3135
		364847452d4541310a20000000fe0043
		4d4e0a202020202020202020000000fe
		004e3135364847452d4541310a2000ab
	PRIME Synchronization: 1 
		supported: 0, 1
	scaling mode: Full aspect 
		supported: None, Full, Center, Full aspect
	Broadcast RGB: Automatic 
		supported: Automatic, Full, Limited 16:235
	audio: auto 
		supported: force-dvi, off, auto, on
	link-status: Good 
		supported: Good, Bad

More information

External resources

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