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Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3rd Gen Base Install

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This is a guide to setting up Gentoo on a Lenovo X1 Carbon, Gen 3 with a WQHD touchscreen. The guide assumes you are starting from scratch and are prepared to erase the entire SSD. The aim of this installation is to provide you with a desktop environment using stable sources for almost everything (non-stable sources will be used for the Firefox browser). The desktop will have working WiFi and auto-detect USB drives when they are plugged in. During the installation, it can be useful to take snapshots of progress in case you change your mind or want to roll back. This guide recommends the use of "btrfs" for this purpose.

The installation will be described in 2 sections:

  1. Self-hosting/booting (roughly 1.5 - 2 hours; 30 mins attended)
  2. Setting up the desktop (roughly 4 - 6 hours; 1 hour attended)

It is highly recommended to use a separate computer (aka. "the host PC") with a working desktop so you can SSH into the target X1 Gen3 laptop and cut/paste commands from this wiki page into the target laptop.

Hardware

Lenovo X1 Gen3

Device Make/model Status Vendor ID / Product ID Kernel driver(s) Kernel version Notes
CPU Intel i7-5600 series Works N/A N/A 4.12.12 None
WQHD Touchscreen 2540x1440 Works N/A 4.12.12 Does not need the Xorg mutouch driver for the touchscreen to work
WiFi Intel Wireless Works N/A iwlwifi 4.12.12 None
Synaptics or Elan Touchpad Works N/A N/A None
Video card Intel 5000-series [Intel 5600] Works ? intel i965 4.12.12 Note example.

Preparation

Connecting to the Target Laptop

Boot the Live DVD on your target laptop. Once booted, press Ctrl+Alt+Fn+F1 to get a shell.

Change the root password:

livecd ~ #passwd

Discover the network address:

livecd ~ #ifconfig 
en0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
   inet 192.168.1.13  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
   inet6 fe80::d63e:9866:6088:42d7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
   ether 54:eb:72:11:12:9a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
   RX packets 889  bytes 91359 (89.2 KiB)
   RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
   TX packets 45  bytes 7269 (7.0 KiB)
   TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
   device interrupt 20  memory 0xe1100000-e1120000

Make a note of the IP address (example highlighted in green).

Start the SSHD daemon:

livecd ~ #/etc/init.d sshd start

You can get back to the Live DVD GUI if you press Ctrl+Alt+Fn+F7, but it's not necessary.

Now, close the laptop lid and SSH into the target laptop through your host PC's SSH client. Use the IP address you found earlier.

Identify your CPU flags

livecd ~ #emerge -v app-portage/cpuinfo2cpuflags
livecd ~ #cpuinfo2cpuflags-x86 
CPU_FLAGS_X86: aes avx avx2 fma3 mmx mmxext popcnt sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3

Copy the results of this command into a text editor on your host PC; you'll need them for later.

Graphics Capabilities

Visit the Gentoo Intel web page to see what features your CPU supports.

Notes for the X1 Gen3:

  1. It has a 5000-series CPU, so it's a Gen 5 (Nehalem).
  2. The integrated graphics are "intel i965"
  3. It supports OpenGL (opengl), OpenGL ES (gles2) and VAAPI (vaapi)
  4. It does not support OpenCL or Vulkan

Installation

Remote Control

Start a virtual screen; you can disconnect from it at any time by pressing Ctrl+A then D.

livecd ~ #screen

If you disconnect, you can re-attach at any time with:

livecd ~ #screen -r

While disconnected, you can close the SSH session or shut down the host PC without cancelling your work in progress. This is handy when you kick off a bulid with lots and lots of dependencies.

Format The Drive

Now, format the HDD and set up partitions. This example shows settings for a 512GB drive, with the intent to mount /opt as a separate partition.

livecd ~ #parted -a optimal /dev/sda 
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

Now, erase the disk and specify units of MB.

(parted)mklabel gpt
(parted)y
(parted)unit mib
(parted)mkpart primary 1 3
(parted)name 1 grub
(parted)set 1 bios_grub on
(parted)mkpart primary 3 131
(parted)name 2 boot
(parted)mkpart primary 131 8323
(parted)name 3 swap
(parted)mkpart primary 8324 -1
(parted)name 4 rootfs
(parted)set 2 boot on

(Optional) You can print the resulting partition scheme.

(parted)print

Write the changes to the disk and get back to the command prompt.

(parted)quit

Set up File Systems

We are using "btrfs" because it allows us to take snapshots as we progress through the installation.

livecd ~ #mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sda2
livecd ~ #mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/sda4

Install the Stage 3 Tarball

livecd ~ #mkswap /dev/sda3
livecd ~ #swapon /dev/sda3
livecd ~ #mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/gentoo
livecd ~ #cd /mnt/gentoo

Go to Gentoo's distribution page to find the latest release. This example shows the first Stage3 tarball to contain v17.0 profiles.

livecd ~ #tar xvjpf stage3-*.tar.bz2 --xattrs --numeric-owner && rm -f stage3-*.tar.bz2

The LiveDVD has already inspected your hardware, so take a moment to make a copy of what it found. You can use this as a reference later if you think that you are missing a driver.

livecd ~ #mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/root/Docs/install
livecd ~ #dmesg > /mnt/gentoo/root/Docs/install/livecd_dmesg.txt
livecd ~ #lspci -nnk > /mnt/gentoo/root/Docs/install/livecd_lspci.txt
livecd ~ #lsusb -t > /mnt/gentoo/root/Docs/install/livecd_lsusb.txt
livecd ~ #lsmod > /mnt/gentoo/root/Docs/install/livecd_lsmod.txt

Configure the Make system

Copy the block of text below into a text editor and edit the processor flags to match the results we got earlier. You shouldn't need to modify the example if you are using a 3rd Gen X1 Carbon.

livecd ~ #nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

Delete everything and paste the contents of the example. 

# These settings were set for a Lenovo Carbon X1 Gen 3 for a Cinnamon Desktop
# Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more
# detailed example.
CFLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
MAKEOPTS="-j5"

# WARNING: Changing your CHOST is not something that should be done lightly.
# Please consult http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/change-chost.xml before changing.
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

# These are the USE and USE_EXPAND flags that were used for
# buidling in addition to what is provided by the profile.
USE="-bindist"
CPU_FLAGS_X86="aes avx avx2 fma3 mmx mmxext pclmul popcnt sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3"
PORTDIR="/usr/portage"
DISTDIR="${PORTDIR}/distfiles"
PKGDIR="${PORTDIR}/packages"
USE_PYTHON="2.7 3.5"
PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_5 python3_6 pypy pypy3"
PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET="python3_5"
LLVM_TARGETS="X86"

GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://ftp.swin.edu.au/gentoo"
GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"

LINGUAS="en_AU en_GB en_US en"
L10N="en-AU en-GB en-US en"

VIDEO_CARDS="intel i965"
INPUT_DEVICES="evdev keyboard mouse synaptics mutouch"

# Main global USE flags
# Notes:
# The use of "bindist" or "-bindist" is up to you
#  * "bindist" gives you binary blobs
#  * "-bindist" compiles from sources, but may infringe patents
# "hardened" only applies to packages (not the kernel)
# "icu" is Internationalization Components for Unicode
# "pie" is Position Independant Executables (a security thing)
# "mpi" is the Message Passing Interface
USE="-bindist hardened pie icu mpi"

# Globals for Intel 5000 series integrated graphics
# Not using "gles2" because it's a subset of OpenGL
USE="${USE} opengl vaapi glamor"

# Globals for desktop systems:
USE="${USE} wayland pulseaudio"

# Globals for filesystems and networking:
USE="${USE} ldap zeroconf fam acl networkmanager nls"

# Optional extra font handling for desktops
USE="${USE} truetype type1 cleartype corefonts"

# Globals for Cinnamon
USE="${USE} bluetooth wifi"

# Globals for programming Vala (language used in Enlightenment.io)
#USE="${USE} vala"

# Uncomment this to get the latest unstable software packages globally
#ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~amd64"

Chroot and Sync

Mount the drives that you need.

livecd ~ #mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf
livecd ~ #cp /mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/repos.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf
livecd ~ #cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
livecd ~ #mount -t proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
livecd ~ #mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
livecd ~ #mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
livecd ~ #mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
livecd ~ #mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev

Now enter your (very minimal) OS.

(chroot) livecd ~ #chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
(chroot) livecd ~ #source /etc/profile
(chroot) livecd ~ #mount /dev/sda2 /boot

Now, get the latest version of the portage tree.

(chroot) livecd ~ #mkdir /usr/portage
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge-webrsync

Please take the time to read the news; it's there for a reason.

(chroot) livecd ~ #eselect news read

You are now running off the laptop's SSD, but there are a few steps left before we can boot without the USB stick.

Customise Your Environment

Check that you're using GCC v6.x

(chroot) livecd ~ #gcc-config -l

If you're not running GCC v6.x, you need to run this command:

(chroot) livecd ~ #gcc-config 2

Choose a profile for the Cinnamon desktop (unless you want Gnome or KDE)

(chroot) livecd ~ #eselect profile list
(chroot) livecd ~ #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/17.0/desktop

Pick your timezone:

(chroot) livecd ~ #echo "Australia/Sydney" > /etc/timezone
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data
(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/locale.gen

Copy this block of text into the /etc/locale.gen file, adding extra locales as necessary 

en_US ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_AU.UTF-8 UTF-8

Activate the new language settings and update your prompt string.

(chroot) livecd ~ #locale-gen
(chroot) livecd ~ #eselect locale list
(chroot) livecd ~ #eselect locale set en_AU.utf8

Make a Kernel

Install Sources

Install Gentoo-enhanced Linux Kernel Sources

(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge sys-kernel/gentoo-sources
(chroot) livecd ~ #cd /usr/src/linux
(chroot) livecd ~ #make menuconfig

Save the Defaults

Exit straight away and make a reference so you can write a guide like this ;)

(chroot) livecd ~ #cp .config ~/Docs/default_kernel.config

Menuconfig Settings

Now go back and customise the kernel in order to get all device components functional for this laptop.

(chroot) livecd ~ #make menuconfig
KERNEL Enable support for hardware drivers, filesystems and features
-*- Enable the block layer --->
    Partition Types --->
        [*] Advanced partition selection
        [*] EFI GUID Partition support

Processor type and features  --->
    [*] Symmetric multi-processing support
    [Y] Machine Check / overheating reporting 
    [Y]   Intel MCE Features
    [*] EFI runtime service support 
    [*]   EFI stub support
    [*]     EFI mixed-mode support

Executable file formats / Emulations  --->
    [*] IA32 Emulation

[*] Networking support  --->
    Networking options  --->
        <*> Packet socket
    [*] Wireless  --->
        <*>   cfg80211 - wireless configuration API
        [*]     cfg80211 wireless extensions compatibility

Device Drivers --->
    Generic Driver Options --->
        [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev
        [ ]   Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs
        -*- Userspace firmware loading support
    [*] Network device support  --->
        [*] Wireless LAN  --->
            [*]   Intel devices   (Note: compile these as modules)
            <M>     Intel Wireless WiFi Next Gen AGN - Wireless-N/Advanced-N/Ultimate-N (iwlwifi)
            <M>       Intel Wireless WiFi DVM Firmware support 
            <M>       Intel Wireless WiFi MVM Firmware support
    Character devices ->
        <Y> TPM Hardware Support ->  (Note: required for suspend/resume)
            <Y> TPM Interface Specification 1.2 Interface / TPM 2.0 FIFO Interface  (Note: required for suspend/resume)
    IOMMU Hardware Support ->
        Support for Intel IOMMU using DMA Remapping Devices ->
            <N> Enable Intel DMA Remapping Devices by default  (Note: can cause GPU hangs if <Y>)
    SCSI device support  --->
        <*> SCSI disk support
    HID support  --->
        -*- HID bus support
        <*>   Generic HID driver
        [*]   Battery level reporting for HID devices
            USB HID support  --->
                <*> USB HID transport layer
    [*] USB support  --->
        <*>     xHCI HCD (USB 3.0) support
        <*>     EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support
        <*>     OHCI HCD (USB 1.1) support
    [*] Real Time Clock --->
          [*]   Set system time from RTC on startup and resume
          (rtc0)  RTC used to set the system time
          [*]   Set the RTC time based on NTP synchronization
          (rtc0)  RTC used to synchronize NTP adjustment
          [*]   /sys/class/rtc/rtcN (sysfs)
          [*]   /proc/driver/rtc (procfs for rtc0)
          [*]   /dev/rtcN (character devices)
          <*>   PC-style 'CMOS'
    Graphics support  --->
        <*> /dev/agpgart (AGP Support)  --->
            --- /dev/agpgart (AGP Support)
            < >   AMD Opteron/Athlon64 on-CPU GART support
            -*-   Intel 440LX/BX/GX, I8xx and E7x05 chipset support
            < >   SiS chipset support
            < >   VIA chipset support
        [ ] VGA Arbitration
        [ ] Laptop Hybrid Graphics - GPU switching support
        <*> Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support)  --->
            --- Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support)
            [*]   Enable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
        [ ] Allow to specify an EDID data set instead of probing for it
            I2C encoder or helper chips  --->
        < > 3dfx Banshee/Voodoo3+
        < > ATI Rage 128
        < > ATI Radeon
        < > AMD GPU
        < > Nouveau (NVIDIA) cards
        < > Intel I810
        <*> Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics
        [ ]   Enable preliminary support for prerelease Intel hardware by default
        < > Matrox g200/g400
        < > SiS video cards
        < > Via unichrome video cards
        < > Savage video cards
        < > Virtual GEM provider
        < > DRM driver for VMware Virtual GPU
        < > Intel GMA5/600 KMS Framebuffer
        < > DisplayLink
        < > AST server chips
        < > Kernel modesetting driver for MGA G200 server engines
        < > Cirrus driver for QEMU emulated device
        < > QXL virtual GPU
        < > DRM Support for bochs dispi vga interface (qemu stdvga)
            Display Panels  ----                 
            Display Interface Bridges  ----
            Frame buffer Devices  --->
        -*- Backlight & LCD device support  --->
            Console display driver support  --->
        [*] Bootup logo  --->

Firmware Drivers  --->
    EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) Support  --->
        <*> EFI Variable Support via sysfs

File systems --->
    <*> Second extended fs support
    <*> The Extended 3 (ext3) filesystem
    <*> The Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem
    <*> Reiserfs support
    <*> JFS filesystem support
    <*> XFS filesystem support
    <*> Btrfs filesystem support
    DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems  --->
        <*> MSDOS fs support
        <*> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support
   <*> FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) support 
    Pseudo Filesystems --->
        [*] /proc file system support
        [*] Tmpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

-*- Cryptographic API --->  (Note: for WiFi)
    -*- AES cipher algorithms
    -*- AES cipher algorithms (x86_64)
    <*> AES cipher algorithms (AES-NI)

Make any final tweaks, then:

(chroot) livecd ~ #make && make modules_install && make install

Check for success; it looks like this: 

sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 4.12.12-gentoo arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
	System.map "/boot"
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge -v sys-kernel/genkernel
(chroot) livecd ~ #genkernel --install initramfs
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge -v sys-kernel/linux-firmware


Finalise the Configuraion

Set up your fstab

(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/fstab 
/dev/sda2   /boot        vfat    defaults,noatime     0 2
/dev/sda3   none         swap    sw                   0 0
/dev/sda4   /            btrfs   noatime              0 1

Change the Hostname

(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname 
my_laptop_name
(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/nsswitch.conf 
hosts:       files dns my_laptop_name
(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1       localhost my_laptop_name
::1             localhost my_laptop_name

Start the Network on Boot

(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge --noreplace net-misc/netifrc
(chroot) livecd ~ #cd /etc/init.d
(chroot) livecd ~ #ln -s net.lo net.eth0
(chroot) livecd ~ #rc-update add net.eth0 default
(chroot) livecd ~ #cd

Set a root Password

(chroot) livecd ~ #passwd

Install Core Daemons

(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge -v app-admin/syslog-ng
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge -v sys-process/cronie
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge -v net-misc/dhcpcd
(chroot) livecd ~ #rc-update add syslog-ng default
(chroot) livecd ~ #rc-update add cronie default
(chroot) livecd ~ #rc-update add sshd default
(chroot) livecd ~ #rc-update add dhcpcd default
(chroot) livecd ~ #emerge -v --verbose sys-boot/grub:2
(chroot) livecd ~ #eselect news read
(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/default/grub 
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rootfstype=btrfs"
(chroot) livecd ~ #grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Allow root Logins for SSHD

Only while we are setting this up; we need to remember to turn this setting off later, for security reasons.

(chroot) livecd ~ #nano -w /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
PermitRootLogin yes

Reboot

(chroot) livecd ~ #exit
livecd ~ #exit
livecd ~ #reboot

Your laptop should shutdown and reboot. You can remove the USB stick when you see the screen go black as the system starts up again (before the BIOS logo).

This is everything you need to get Gentoo booting on the X1 Carbon Gen 3. The next step is to re-establish an SSH session and update the software on your new OS.

Compare Your Kernel

How well did our configuration match the LiveCD's hardware probing?

root #lspci -nnk > /root/Docs/this_lspci.txt
root #lsmod > /root/Docs/this_lsmod.txt
root #dmesg > /root/Docs/this_dmesg.txt

Compare these files with the livecd result using "diff", if you like.

Now lets get a virtual terminal again.

root #emerge -v app-misc/screen
root #screen

Rebuild Everything

First, take a look at the result from this command:

root #emerge -pv --update --deep --newuse @world

We have got a circular dependency with mesa, opengl and vaapi. We solve it by temporarily building "mesa" without "vaapi", then adding "vaapi" back to "mesa" and recompiling it.

root #echo "media-libs/mesa gles2 -vaapi" > /etc/portage/package.use/mesa
root #emerge --ask --update --deep --newuse @world

Check the use flags in red; if they're redundant, consider removing them. Check the flags in blue; if you want any of those features, go back and edit your /etc/portage/make.conf file.

Leave the LLVM_TARGETS flag alone unless you're building on ARM

Modify the use flags, then do the world "emerge" for real.

root #emerge --ask --update --deep --newuse @world

Go away for a few hours. This is where it can be useful to disconnect from the screen terminal session and switch off the host PC. You can tell when the compiler is finished because the laptop fan stops blowing.

Now we can build "mesa" properly, with "vaapi" this time.

root #echo "media-libs/mesa gles2 vaapi" > /etc/portage/package.use/mesa
root #emerge --ask --update --deep --newuse @world


Final Stage

Add More Useful Programs

root #emerge app-admin/sudo
root #nano -w /etc/sudoers

Uncomment this line to let users in the "wheel" group use the "sudo" command. 

%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
root #emerge -v gentoolkit
root #useradd --create-home --groups users,wheel,portage,lpadmin,lp,audio,video,plugdev --shell /bin/bash --comment "First User" my_user

Don't use "etc-update" anymore; use "dispatch-conf" instead (because it is safer).

root #dispatch-conf

Make a Snapshot

We have to install the "btrfs" tools before we can make a snapshot, but the tools use an old version of Python. We solve this by setting a specific version flag for the "asciidoc" package which requires it.

root #echo "app-text/asciidoc PYTHON_TARGETS: -* python2_7 PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET: -* python2_7" > /etc/portage/package.use/asciidoc
root #emerge --ask sys-fs/btrfs-progs

Note: This is the syntax for setting special flags for a single package.

Last action: take a "btrfs" snapshot of what you've built so far in case you want to roll back to this point instead of reinstalling everything from scratch again.

root #mkdir -p /mnt/backup/rootfs
root #btrfs subvolume snapshot / /mnt/backup/rootfs/first_backup

If that happened so quickly that you can't believe it has safely made a copy of every system file, you can take a look and see what it did:

root #ls /mnt/backup/rootfs/first_backup
bin boot dev etc home lib lib32 lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin spare sys tmp usr var

Lastly, look for unfinished business or hints/tips that you may have missed during the software installations

root #cat /var/log/portage/elog/summary.log

You have finished installing the Gentoo base system on your laptop. From here, you should add the Xorg-server, a Display manager, a Desktop and some apps. That will be covered in Part 2.

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