Kernel/Overview/ko

이 문서에서는 젠투가 포티지를 통해 제공하는 모든 커널 소스의 개요를 제공합니다.

도입부

As with everything else in Gentoo Linux, the philosophy of the Gentoo Kernel team is to give the user as much freedom of choice as possible. When looking at the output of emerge -s sources it is easy to see a large variety of kernels to choose from. This document will attempt to give a brief rundown of the goals of each of the patch sets that Gentoo provides and also explain other kernel sources that are available.

지원 커널 꾸러미

Genkernel

genkernel is a kernel and initramfs build utility that has a default kernel configuration to enable common options and drivers in the kernel automatically. This is usually recommended for users who do not feel comfortable about compiling a kernel manually.

더 많은 정보를 보려면 Genkernel을 읽어보십시오.

범용: gentoo-sources

For most users, the sys-kernel/gentoo-sources kernel is recommended. gentoo-sources is a kernel based on Linux 4.x, lightly patched to fix security problems, kernel bugs, and to increase compatibility with the more uncommon system architectures.

sys-kernel/gentoo-sources 꾸러미는 젠투 커널 팀의 대부분의 자원을 흡수했습니다. 공식 리눅스 커널의 USB와 PCI 하위시스템을 전담하며 udev의 메인테이너인 저명한 커널 해커 Greg Kroah-Hartman 의 전문성을 통해 믿을 수 있는 소질있는 개발 집단을 통해 제공합니다.

서버용: hardened-sources

sys-kernel/hardened-sources 커널은 공식 리눅스 커널을 기반으로 하며 젠투 서버 시스템에서 실행하는데 역점을 두었습니다. (SELinux 와 grsecurity 의 지원같은) 다양한 젠투 강화 프로젝트에 대한 패치를 제공하며 안정성 및 보안 개선을 포함했습니다. 더 많은 내용을 보시려면 이 위키에 있는 보안 강화 프로젝트^en를 방문하십시오.

중요
이 커널은 보안 강화를 위한 강력한 패치를 제공합니다. 사용 전 보안 강화 젠투 소개서^en를 읽어보십시오.

ck-sources

sys-kernel/ck-sources는 Con Kolivas의 커널 패치 모음입니다. 이 패치 모음은 본래 시스템 응답성, 상호 동작 능력을 개선하고, 다양한 작업부하(서버부터 데스크톱까지)에 대해 설정할 수 있도록 설계했습니다. 이 패치셋에는 시스템 응답성을 유지하고 상당한 규모의 부하가 걸려도 시스템이 부드럽게 동작하도록 하는 BFS 스케줄러를 포함합니다. 지원 정보는 http://kernel.kolivas.org 와 irc.oftc.net 의 #ck채널에서 확인해보실 수 있습니다.

git-sources

sys-kernel/git-sources 꾸러미는 업스트림 개발 커널 트리의 일일 스냅샷을 추적합니다. 커널 개발과 시험에 관심이 있을 경우 이 커널이 제격입니다. 버그 보고서는 리눅스 커널 버그 추적 또는 LKML(리눅스 커널 메일링 리스트)로 보내야 합니다.

아키텍처 의존 커널

sys-kernel/mips-sources 와 sys-kernel/xbox-sources는 이름에서 보시는 바와 같이 특정 아키텍처에서 잘 동작하게 패치했습니다. 또한 위 아래에서 언급한 다른 패치 셋으로부터 하드웨어 및 기능 지원에 대한 약간의 패치도 포함합니다.

지원하지 않는 커널 꾸러미

Now to briefly describe some of the other sys-kernel/*-sources which scrolled by when the emerge -s sources command was run. Below we discuss each one of them individually. These kernels are provided as a courtesy only — the various patch sets are not supported by the Gentoo kernel team. There is no specific preference to one source or another, so we review the kernel sources in alphabetical order.

aufs-sources

sys-kernel/aufs-sources 꾸러미에는 3.1.x 커널 트리와 aufs3를 지원하기 위해 공식 젠투 패치 모음이 들어간 전체 커널 소스가 들어있습니다. aufs3 파일 시스템을 활용해보려할 때 쓸모있습니다. 더 많은 정보는 Sourceforge의 aufs3 페이지 또는 genpatches 홈페이지를 살펴보십시오.

pf-sources

sys-kernel/pf-sources 에는 다양한 커널 패치 일부를 포함하고 있습니다. 여기에는 sys-kernel/ck-sources의 BFS 패치셋, sys-kernel/tuxonice-source 패치, LinuxIMQ, BFQ I/O 스케줄러가 들어있습니다.

openvz-sources

OpenVZ는 리눅스에서 빌드한 서버 가상화 솔루션입니다. OpenVZ는 고립되고 안전한 가상 개인 서버(VPS) 또는 단일 물리 서버에서 서버 활용도를 높이고 프로그램의 충돌 없음을 확인하도록하는 가상 환경을 만듭니다. 더 많은 정보를 보시려면 http://www.openvz.org를 참조하십시오.

tuxonice-sources

The sys-kernel/tuxonice-sources (formerly sys-kernel/suspend2-sources) are patched with both genpatches which includes the patches found in gentoo-sources, and the patches found in TuxOnIce which are an improved implementation of suspend-to-disk for the Linux kernel, formerly known as suspend2.

이 커널은 어디든 랩톱을 대기상태로 놓았다가 복귀하는 작업을 자주 하는 랩톱 사용자에게 추천합니다.

usermode-sources

usermode-sources 는 사용자 모드 리눅스 커널 패치이며, sys-apps/usermode-utilities 꾸러미에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 이 커널 패치는 가상서버 지원과 시험을 의도한 리눅스 안의 리눅스 를 재귀적으로 동작하도록 설계하였습니다. 리눅스의 안정성과 확장성에 대한 이 엄청난 찬사의 내용을 보시려면 http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net을 살펴보십시오.

For more information on UML and Gentoo, read the Gentoo User-mode Linux Guide

vanilla-sources

Many Linux users will probably be familiar with the sys-kernel/vanilla-sources package. These kernels are copies of the official kernel sources released on http://www.kernel.org/. Please note that the Gentoo kernel team does not patch vanilla-sources at all; they are for people who wish to run a completely unmodified Linux kernel. The Gentoo kernel team recommends sys-kernel/gentoo-sources instead.

Versions of the kernel can be found under this package: 3.x, 4.x.

이전에 제공한 커널 꾸러미

aa-sources

aa-sources was a heavily modified kernel with all kinds of patches. The upstream maintainer stopped releasing kernel patchsets and subsequently this package has been removed.

alpha-sources

alpha-sources was a 2.4 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the Alpha architecture. These patches have been developed and are now included in the mainline kernel. Alpha users can run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

아키텍처 의존 커널

cell-sources was a 2.6 kernel designed to run on the Sony PlayStation 3 game console.

development-sources

development-sources, the official 2.6 kernel from kernel.org, can now be found under the vanilla-sources package.

gentoo-dev-sources

gentoo-dev-sources, a 2.6 kernel patched with bug, security, and stability fixes, can now be found under the gentoo-sources package.

grsec-sources

The grsec-sources kernel source used to be patched with the latest grsecurity updates (grsecurity version 2.0 and up) which included, amongst other security-related patches, support for PaX. Grsecurity patches are included in the hardened-sources kernel, so this package is no longer available in Portage.

hardened-dev-sources

hardened-dev-sources can now be found under the hardened-sources package.

hppa-sources

hppa-sources was a 2.6 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the HPPA architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. HPPA users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

mm-sources

The mm-sources were based on vanilla-sources and contained Andrew Morton's patch set. They included the experimental and bleeding-edge features that were going to be included in the official kernel (or were going to be rejected because they set systems on fire!). They were known to be always moving at a fast pace and could change radically from one week to the other; kernel hackers often used mm-sources as a testing ground for highly experimental stuff. They have since been removed from the Portage tree.

rsbac-dev-sources

The rsbac-dev-sources kernels can now be found under the sys-kernel/rsbac-sources package.

rsbac-sources

Back in the days of 2.6-based kernels sys-kernel/rsbac-sources contained patches to use Rule Set Based Access Controls (RSBAC). It was removed due to lack of maintainers, but has has magically reappeared with the 3.10 kernel series. Use hardened-sources if additional security features are needed.

selinux-sources

selinux-sources, a 2.4 kernel including lots of security enhancements, has been obsoleted by security development in the 2.6 kernel tree. SELinux functionality can be found in the hardened-sources package.

sh-sources

sh-sources was a 2.6 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the SuperH architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. SuperH users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

sparc-sources

sparc-sources was a 2.4 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the SPARC architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. SPARC users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

uclinux-sources

The uclinux-sources are meant for CPUs without MMUs as well as embedded devices. For more information, see http://www.uclinux.org. Lack of security patches as well as hardware to test on were the reasons this package is no longer found in the Portage tree.

win4lin-sources

win4lin-sources were patched to support the userland win4lin tools that allowed Linux users to run many Microsoft Windows (TM) applications at almost native speeds. These kernel sources were removed due to security issues.

xen-sources

xen-sources was a 2.6-based kernel that allowed running multiple operating systems on a single physical system. A user could create virtual environments in which one or more guest operating systems could run on a Xen-powered host operating system.

The xen-sources patches were incorporated into the mainline Linux kernel as of version 3.0.

Xen과 젠투를 함께 다루는 방법을 더 알아보려면, 젠투 위키 Xen 안내서^en를 읽어보십시오.

zen-sources

sys-kernel/zen-sources 꾸러미는 데스크톱 시스템용으로 설계했습니다. 여기에 포함한 코드는 메인라인 커널에서 찾을 수 없습니다. 젠 커널에는 새 기능, 추가 하드웨어 지원, 다양한 데스크톱 고급 설정 기능을 넣은 패치가 있습니다. zen 3.8 커널 시리즈는 포티지 트리에서 가림처리했습니다. 젠 커널에 대한 자세한 내용은 젠 커널 라이브 소스 웹사이트를 방문해보십시오.

추가 참조

• Kernel upgrade guide
• The Gentoo Handbook

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  This page is based on a document formerly found on our main website gentoo.org.
  The following people contributed to the original document: Brandon Low, Daniel Drake, Carl Anderson, Jorge Paulo, Benny Chuang, Gregorio Guidi, Shyam Mani, Joshua Saddler
  They are listed here because wiki history does not allow for any external attribution. If you edit the wiki article, please do not add yourself here; your contributions are recorded on each article's associated history page.