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Nœuds sans disque
This HOWTO will help with creating and setting up diskless nodes with Gentoo Linux.
Introduction
À propos de ce guide
This HOWTO will help setting up diskless workstations based on the Gentoo Linux distribution. This is guide is intended to make the process as user friendly as possible and cater to the Linux newbie, because everyone was at a certain point :) While an experienced user could easily tie the multiple HOWTOs available on diskless nodes and networking together it's hoped that this guide can ease the installation for all interested users, geeks or not.
Qu'est-ce qu'une machine sans disque ?
A diskless machine is a PC without any of the usual boot devices such as hard disks, floppy drives or CD-ROMs. The diskless node boots off the network and needs a server that will provide it with storage space as a local hard disk would. From now on the server will be the master , while the diskless machine gets called the slave (what's in a name :). The slave node needs a network adapter that supports PXE booting or Etherboot; check Etherboot.org for support listings. Most modern cards support PXE and many built-in adapters on motherboards will also work.
Before starting
Gentoo should be installed on the master node and enough space on the master to store the file systems of the slave nodes that are going to be hosted. Also make sure there is one interface to the internet separated from the local area connection.
Configurer le maître et les esclaves
À propos des noyaux
The kernel is the software that sits between the hardware and all other software that is loaded on the machine, essentially the heart of a kernel based operating system. When a computer is started, the BIOS executes the instructions found at the reserved boot space of the hard drive. These instructions are typically a boot loader that loads a kernel. After a kernel has been loaded all processes are handled by the kernel.
For more information on kernels and kernel configuration check out the kernel article.
Configurer le noyau du maître
The master kernel can be as large and as customized as desired but there are a few required kernel options that need to be selected. Go into the kernel configuration menu by typing:
root #cd /usr/src/linux
root #make menuconfigThere should be a grey and blue GUI that offers a safe alternative to manually editing the /usr/src/linux/.config file. If the kernel is currently functioning well it might be a good idea to save the current configuration file by exiting the GUI and typing:
root #cp .config .config_workingGo into the following sub-menus and make sure the listed items are checked as built-in (and NOT as modular). The options show below are taken from the 2.6.10 kernel version. If a different version is used, the text or sequence might differ. Just make sure to select at least those shown below.
'"`UNIQ--pre-00000001-QINU`"'
If access to internet through the master node is required and/or a secure firewall is needed make sure to add support for iptables:
'"`UNIQ--pre-00000004-QINU`"'
If packet filtering is required, add the rest as modules later. Make sure to read the Gentoo Security Handbook Chapter about Firewalls on how to set this up properly.
These kernel configuration options should only be added to the system specific configuration options and are not meant to completely replace the kernel configuration.
After the master kernel has been re-configured, it needs to be rebuilt:
root #make && make modules_install
root #cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-masterThen add an entry for that new kernel into lilo.conf or grub.conf depending on which bootloader that is being used and make the new kernel the default one. Now that the new bzImage has been copied into the boot directory all that has to be done is to reboot the system in order to load these new options.
À propos du noyau de l'esclave
It is recommended that the slave kernel be compiled without any modules, since loading and setting them up via remote boot is a difficult and unnecessary process. Additionally, the slave kernel should be as small and compact as possible in order to efficiently boot from the network. The slave's kernel is going to be compiled in the same place where the master was configured.
Pour éviter toute confusion et toute perte de temps, il vaut mieux garder une copie de la configuration du noyau maître comme ceci :
root #cp /usr/src/linux/.config /usr/src/linux/.config_masterThe slave's kernel is now to be configured in the same fashion as the master's kernel. If a fresh configuration file is needed it can be recovered from the default /usr/src/linux/.config file by typing:
root #cd /usr/src/linux
root #cp .config_master .configEnsuite, utilisez l'interface de configuration en tapant :
root #cd /usr/src/linux
root #make menuconfigMake sure to select the following options as built-in and NOT as kernel modules:
'"`UNIQ--pre-00000007-QINU`"'
Configurer un serveur BOOTP est une alternative au serveur DHCP.
It is important to add the network adapter into the kernel (and not as a module) on the nodes. Using modules however is generally not a problem for diskless nodes.
Now the slave's kernel needs to be compiled. Be careful here not to overwrite or mess up the modules (if any) that have been built for the master:
root #cd /usr/src/linux
root #makeNow create the directory on the master that will be used to hold slaves' files and required system files. The /diskless is used but any location preferred may be chosen here. Now copy the slave's bzImage into the /diskless directory:
If there are different architectures being used it might be useful to save each config into .config_arch . Do the same with the images: save them into the /diskless as bzImage_arch .
root #mkdir /diskless
root #cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /disklessConfigurer un système de fichiers préliminaire pour l'esclave
The master and slave filesystems can be tweaked and changed a lot. Right now the only point of interest is in getting a preliminary filesystem of appropriate configuration files and mount points. First it's required to create a directory within /diskless for the first slave. Each slave needs its own root file system because sharing certain system files will cause permission problems and hard crashes. These directories can be called anything the administrator deems appropriate but the article suggests using the slaves IP addresses as they are unique and not confusing. The static IP of the first slave will be, for instance, 192.168.1.21 :
root #mkdir -p /diskless/192.168.1.21/etcVarious configuration files in /etc need to be altered to work on the slave. Copy the master's /etc directory onto the new slave root by typing:
root #cp -r /etc/* /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/Le système de fichiers est encore incomplet, il lui manque différents points de montage. Pour les créer tapez :
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/home
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/dev
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/proc
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/tmp
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/mnt
root #chmod a+w /diskless/192.168.1.21/tmp
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/mnt/.initd
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/rootroot #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/sys
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/empty
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/lock
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/log
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/run
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/spool
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/usr
root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/opt
Most of these "stubs" should be recognizable; stubs like /dev , /proc or /sys will be populated when the slave starts, the others will be mounted later. The /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/conf.d/hostname file should also be changed to reflect the hostname of the slave. Binaries, libraries and other files will be populated later in this HOWTO right before attempting to boot the slave.
Even though /dev is populated by udev later on, the console entry needs to be created. If not, the error message "unable to open initial console" will be encountered.
root #mknod /diskless/192.168.1.21/dev/console c 5 1Configurer le serveur DHCP
À propos du serveur DHCP
DHCP signifie Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (protocole dynamique de configuration des hôtes). Le serveur DHCP est le premier ordinateur contacté par les nœuds esclaves quand ils démarrent par le système PXE via le réseau. La principale fonction d'un serveur DHCP est d'attribuer des adresses IP. Un tel serveur peut attribuer des adresses en se basant sur les adresses MAC des cartes réseau (N.D.T. : l'adresse MAC est censée être unique pour chaque carte sur le marché et est attribuée par le constructeur). Une fois l'adresse attribuée, le serveur DHCP indique au nœud esclave où il peut obtenir son noyau et son système de fichiers préliminaire.
Before getting started
There are several things to make sure of, that they are working properly before beginning. First check the network connectivity:
root #ifconfig eth0 multicast
root #ifconfig -aMake sure there is an eth0 device running. It should look something like this:
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:83:16:2F:D6
inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:26460491 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:2 frame:0
TX packets:32903198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:2483502568 (2368.4 Mb) TX bytes:1411984950 (1346.5 Mb)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x1800It's important that it says MULTICAST, if it doesn't then the kernel will have to be recompiled to include multicast support.
Installer le serveur DHCP
If the network does not already have a DHCP server installed, one needs to be installed now:
root #emerge --ask dhcpIf the network already has a DHCP server installed, edit the configuration file to get the PXE boot to function correctly.
Configurer le serveur
There is only one configuration file that needs to be edited before starting the DHCP server: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf. Copy and edit the provided sample file:
root #cp /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
root #nano -w /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confLe fichier de configuration est organisé et indenté comme ceci :
# global options here
ddns-update-style none;
shared-network LOCAL-NET {
# shared network options here
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# subnet network options here
host slave{
# host specific options here
}
group {
# group specific options here
}
}
}The shared-network block is optional and should be used for IPs that are required to be assigned that belong to the same network topology. At least one subnet must be declared and the optional group block allows options to be grouped between items. A good example of dhcpd.conf looks like this:
#
# Exemple de fichier dhcpd.conf pour les clients sans disque
#
# Désactiver le DNS dynamique
ddns-update-style none;
# Supposons qu'une passerelle par défaut pour le trafic IP suffise
option routers 192.168.1.1;
# Procure les information DNS aux clients
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name "mydomain.com";
# Spécifie le serveur TFTP à utiliser
next-server 192.168.1.1;
# Declare une option de tampon spécifique au constructeur pour les clients PXE :
# Code 1: adress IP Multicast du serveur de fichier de démarrage
# Code 2: port UDP que le clien devrait surveiller pour les réponse MTFTP
# Code 3: port UDP que les serveurs MTFTP utilisent pour écouter les requêtes MTFTP
# Code 4: Nombre de secondes pendant lesquelles un client doit écouter avant d'essayer
# de démarrer un nouveau transfert MTFTP
# Code 5: Nombre de secondes pendant lesquelles un client doit écouter avant d'essayer
# de redémarrer un transfert MTFTP
option space PXE;
option PXE.mtftp-ip code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.discovery-control code 6 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.discovery-mcast-addr code 7 = ip-address;
# Déclare le sous-réseau où se trouvera notre nœud sans disque
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# Procure aux clients PXE l'information appropriée
class "pxeclient" {
match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
vendor-option-space PXE;
# Au moins une option PXE spécifique au constructeur doit être définie
# afin que la ROM de démarrage du client réalise que nous adhérons au protocole PXE
# serveur. Nous définissons l'adresse IP MCAST à 0.0.0.0 pour dire à la ROM de démarrage
# que nous ne pouvons pas fournir le multicast TFTP.
option PXE.mtftp-ip 0.0.0.0;
# Le nom du fichier que la ROM de démarrage devrait télécharger.
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
# Procure aux clients Etherboot l'information appropriée
class "etherboot" {
match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "Etherboot";
filename "vmlinuz_arch";
}
# Ajoutez une déclaration d'hôte pour chacun des hôtes sans disque
host slave21 {
hardware ethernet 00:02:A5:04:3B:66;
fixed-address 192.168.1.21;
}
}There is nothing prohibiting the use of both PXE boot and Etherboot together. The above Code Listing is merely an example; if there are issues, please consult the DHCPd documentation.
The IP address after next-server will be asked for the specified filename. This IP address should be the IP of the tftp server, usually the same as the master's IP address. The filename is relative to the /diskless directory (this is due to the tftp server specific options which will be covered later). Inside the host block, the hardware ethernet option specifies a MAC address, and fixed-address assigns a fixed IP address to that particular MAC address. There is a pretty good man page on dhcpd.conf with options that are beyond the scope of this HOWTO. The man page can be read by typing:
user $man dhcpd.confDémarrer le serveur DHCP
Before starting the dhcp initialization script edit the /etc/conf.d/dhcp file so that it looks something like this:
IFACE="eth0" # Insert any customizations needed
The IFACE variable is the device that the DHCP server will be running on, in this case eth0. Adding more arguments to the IFACE variable can be useful for a complex network topology with multiple Ethernet cards. To start the dhcp server type:
root #/etc/init.d/dhcpd startTo add the dhcp server to the start-up scripts type:
root #rc-update add dhcpd defaultDépanner le serveur DHCP
To see if a node boots, take a look at /var/log/messages. If the node successfully boots, the messages file should have some lines at the bottom looking like this:
DHCPDISCOVER from 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0 DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.21 to 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0 DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.21 from 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0 DHCPACK on 192.168.1.21 to 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0
This log file can also help in discovering the slaves' MAC addresses.
If the following message is encountered it probably means there is something wrong in the configuration file but that the DHCP server is broadcasting correctly.
no free leases on subnet LOCAL-NET
Every time after changing the configuration file the DHCP server must be restarted. To restart the server type:
root #/etc/init.d/dhcpd restartConfigurer le serveur TFTP et le chargeur de démarrage Linux PXE et/ou Etherboot
À propos du serveur TFTP
TFTP signifie « Trivial File Transfer Protocol ». Le serveur TFTP va fournir un noyau et un système de fichiers aux nœuds esclaves. Tous les noyaux des esclaves et leur système de fichiers seront stockés sur le serveur TFTP. Il est donc recommandé de l'installer sur le nœud maître.
Installer le serveur TFTP
Un serveur TFTP reconnu est celui compris dans le paquet tftp-hpa. Il se trouve qu'il a été écrit par le même auteur que SYSLINUX et ils fonctionnent très bien ensemble. Faites :
root #emerge --ask tftp-hpaConfigurer le serveur TFTP
Edit /etc/conf.d/in.tftpd. The tftproot directory needs to specified with INTFTPD_PATH and any command line options with INTFTPD_OPTS. It should look something like this:
/etc/conf.d/in.tftpdINTFTPD_PATH="/diskless" INTFTPD_OPTS="-l -v -s ${INTFTPD_PATH}"
The -l option indicates that this server listens in stand alone mode so inetd does not have to be run. The -v indicates that log/error messages should be verbose. The -s /diskless specifies the root of the tftp server.
Démarrer le serveur TFTP
Pour démarrer le serveur tftp tapez :
root #/etc/init.d/in.tftpd startThis should start the tftp server with the options that were specified in the /etc/conf.d/in.tftpd. If this server is to be automatically started at boot type:
root #rc-update add in.tftpd defaultÀ propos de PXELINUX
This section is not required if only Etherboot is being used. PXELINUX is the network bootloader equivalent to LILO or GRUB and will be served via TFTP. It is essentially a tiny set of instructions that tells the client where to locate its kernel and initial filesystem and allows for various kernel options.
Before getting started
Now the file pxelinux.0 is required, which comes in the SYSLINUX package by H. Peter Anvin. This package can be installed by typing:
root #emerge --ask syslinuxConfigurer PXELINUX
Ceci n'est pas nécessaire pour Etherboot
Before starting the tftp server pxelinux needs to be set up. First copy the pxelinux binary into the /diskless directory:
root #cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /diskless
root #mkdir /diskless/pxelinux.cfg
root #touch /diskless/pxelinux.cfg/defaultCela va créer un fichier de configuration par défaut pour syslinux. Le binaire pxelinux.0 cherche son fichier de configuration dans le répertoire pxelinux.cfg . Il commence par chercher un fichier dont le nom est l'adresse IP attribuée au nœud écrite en hexadécimal. Si un tel fichier n'existe pas, pxelinux.0 enlève successivement le chiffre le plus à droite et regarde si un fichier correspondant existe jusqu'à ce qu'il trouve un fichier ou qu'il n'y ait plus de chiffre. Les version 2.05 et ultérieures de syslinux recherchent d'abord un fichier nommé d'après l'adresse MAC. Si ce fichier n'existe pas, la routine de recherche présentée ci-haut est effectuée. En dernier recours, le fichier default est utilisé.
## (Le préfixe 01 signifie Ethernet, les octets suivant correspondent à l'adresse MAC de l'esclave) 01-00-40-63-c2-ca-c9 ## (Adresse IP assignée en hexadécimal) C0A80115 C0A8011 C0A801 C0A80 C0A8 C0A C0 C default
Tout ceci est en minuscules.
Démarrons avec le fichier default file:
DEFAULT /bzImage APPEND ip=dhcp root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/diskless/192.168.1.21
The DEFAULT tag directs pxelinux to the kernel bzImage that was compiled earlier. The APPEND tag appends kernel initialisation options. Since the slave kernel was compiled with NFS_ROOT_SUPPORT , the nfsroot will be specified here. The first IP is the master's IP and the second IP is the directory that was created in /diskless to store the slave's initial filesystem.
À propos d'Etherboot
This isn't required if PXE boot is being used.
Etherboot boots network boot images from a TFTP server. As the PXE this is equivalent to LILO or GRUB. The mknbi utility enables the creation of different images using different options.
Before getting started
The mknbi (utility for making tagged kernel images useful for netbooting) package is needed to create the Etherboot images. This tool will create a preconfigured kernel image from the original kernel. This contains the boot options as shown further down.
root #emerge --ask mknbiConfigurer Etherboot
In this section a simple etherboot image will be created. As the dhcp server gives out the clients root-path in the "option root-path" dhcp.conf, this does not have to be included here. More details can be found in the mknbi manual.
user $man mknbiPour créer une image ELF sur laquelle démarrer qui sait passer les paramètres DHCP et la racine à utiliser au noyau tout en forçant le noyau à demander une adresse IP via DHCP, faites :
root #mkelf-linux -ip=dhcp /diskless/bzImage > /diskless/vmlinuz For the arch specific images
bzImage_arch and vmlinuz_arch have to be typed.Dépanner le processus de démarrage sur réseau
There are a few things that can be done to debug the network boot process. Primarily a tool called tcpdump can be used. To install tcpdump type:
root #emerge --ask tcpdumpNow various network traffic can be listened to, to make sure the client/server interactions are functioning. If something isn't working there are a few things that could be checked. First make sure that the client/server is physically connected properly and that the networking cables are not damaged. If the client/server is not receiving requests on a particular port make sure that there is no firewall interference. To listen to interaction between two computers type:
root #tcpdump host client_ip and server_ipThe tcpdump command can also be configured to listen on particular port such as the tftp port by typing:
root #tcpdump port 69A common error that might be received is: "PXE-E32: TFTP open time-out". This is probably due to firewall issues. If TCPwrappers is being used, it might be worth checking /etc/hosts.allow and etc/hosts.deny and make sure that they are configured properly. The client should be allowed to connect to the server.
Configurer le serveur NFS
À propos du serveur NFS
NFS stands for Network File System. The NFS server will be used to serve directories to the slave. This part can be somewhat personalized later, but right now all that is wanted is a preliminary slave node to boot diskless.
À propos de Portmapper
Certains services ne sont pas toujours liés au même port, mais utilisent le système d'appel de fonction à distance (les RPC en anglais pour « Remote Procedure Call »). Dans ce cas, lorsqu'un service démarre, il écoute sur un port disponible choisi au hasard et il s'inscrit dans la liste de tels services tenue par le programme portmapper. NFS utilise ce mécanisme et a besoin que le programme portmapper soit actif avant de démarrer.
Before starting
The NFS Server needs kernel level support so if the kernel does not have this, the master's kernel needs to be recompiled. To double check the master's kernel configuration type:
root #grep NFS /usr/src/linux/.config_masterThe output should look something like this if the kernel has been properly configured:
CONFIG_PACKET=y # CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP is not set # CONFIG_NETFILTER is not set CONFIG_NFS_FS=y CONFIG_NFS_V3=y # CONFIG_NFS_V4 is not set # CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO is not set CONFIG_NFSD=y CONFIG_NFSD_V3=y # CONFIG_NFSD_V4 is not set # CONFIG_NFSD_TCP is not set
Installer le serveur NFS
Le paquet NFS est installé via Portage comme ceci :
root #emerge --ask nfs-utilsCe paquet comprend le programme portmapper, le serveur nfs et les utilitaires pour les clients NFS. Les dépendances lors de l'initialisation sont automatiquement résolues.
Configurer le serveur NFS
There are three major configuration files that will have to be edited:
/etc/exports /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/fstab /etc/conf.d/nfs
Le fichier /etc/exports indique comment, à qui et quoi exporter via NFS. Le fichier /etc/fstab des nœuds esclaves sera modifié pour monter les systèmes de fichiers exportés par le maître.
Le fichier /etc/exports typique du maître devrait ressembler à ceci :
/etc/exportsfichier d'export du maître# une telle ligne pour chaque esclave /diskless/192.168.1.21 192.168.1.21(sync,rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) # commun à tous les esclaves /opt 192.168.1.0/24(sync,ro,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) /usr 192.168.1.0/24(sync,ro,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) /home 192.168.1.0/24(sync,rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) # if you want to have a shared log /var/log 192.168.1.21(sync,rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
Le premier champ indique le nom du répertoire à exporter et le suivant spécifie à qui et comment. Le « qui » indique quel nœud peut monter ce répertoire via le réseau et le « comment » liste ce que le nœud peut faire. L'option ro interdit l'écriture (=read-only) et rw l'autorise. Les options no_root_squash et no_no_all_squash sont importantes pour les clients sans disque qui écrivent sur le disque, de manière à ce qu'ils ne soient pas squashés lors qu'ils font des requêtes d'entrée/sortie . Le fichier fstab de l'esclave, /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/fstab: devrait ressembler à ceci :
# these entries are essential master:/diskless/192.168.1.21 / nfs sync,hard,intr,rw,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 0 0 master:/opt /opt nfs sync,hard,intr,ro,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 0 0 master:/usr /usr nfs sync,hard,intr,ro,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 0 0 master:/home /home nfs sync,hard,intr,rw,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 # useful but superfluous master:/var/log /var/log nfs hard,intr,rw 0 0
In this example, master is just the hostname of the master but it could easily be the IP of the master. The first field indicates the directory to be mounted and the second field indicates where. The third field describes the filesystem and should be NFS for any NFS mounted directory. The fourth field indicates various options that will be used in the mounting process (see mount(1) for info on mount options). Some people have had difficulties with soft mount points so here they are made hard mounts, a look into various /etc/fstab options should be done to make the cluster more efficient.
The last file that should be edited is /etc/conf.d/nfs which describes a few options for nfs when it is initialised and looks like this:
# Fichier de configuration pour /etc/init.d/nfs # Nomber de serveur à démarrer par défaut RPCNFSDCOUNT=8 # Options à passer à rpc.mountd RPCMOUNTDOPTS=""
The RPCNFSDCOUNT should be changed to the number of diskless nodes on the network.
Démarrer le serveur NFS
The nfs server should be started with its init script located in /etc/init.d by typing:
root #/etc/init.d/nfs startIf this script is to be started every time the system boots simply type:
root #rc-update add nfs defaultFinaliser le système de fichiers de l'esclave
Copier les fichiers manquants
Now the slave's file system will be made in sync with the master's and provide the necessary binaries while still preserving slave specific files.
root #rsync -avz /bin /diskless/192.168.1.21
root #rsync -avz /sbin /diskless/192.168.1.21
root #rsync -avz /lib /diskless/192.168.1.21L'utilisation de rsync -avz, au lieu de cp, permet de copier les liens symboliques et les permissions de fichiers.
Configurer le réseau des nœuds sans disque
In order to prevent the networking initscript from killing the connection to the NFS server, an option needs to be added to /etc/conf.d/net on the diskless client's filesystem.
config_eth0=( "noop" )
Pour plus d'informations, veuillez vous référer à /usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2 .
Scripts d'initialisation
Init scripts for slaves are located under /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels for services needed on the diskless nodes. Each slave can be set up and customized here, it all depends on what each slave is meant to do.
Do not use the
rc-update program to add or remove scripts from the slave runlevels when logged on to the master. This would change the master runlevels. The links need to be manually created or by logging into the slave nodes using ssh or connecting a screen and keyboard to the slave./diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/: total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2003-11-09 15:27 boot drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2003-10-01 21:10 default drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2003-03-13 19:05 nonetwork drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2003-02-23 12:26 single /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/boot: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2003-10-18 17:28 bootmisc -> /etc/init.d/bootmisc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2003-10-18 17:28 checkfs -> /etc/init.d/checkfs lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2003-10-18 17:28 clock -> /etc/init.d/clock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 2003-10-18 17:28 domainname -> /etc/init.d/domainname lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2003-10-18 17:28 hostname -> /etc/init.d/hostname lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 2003-10-18 17:28 localmount -> /etc/init.d/localmount lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2003-10-18 17:28 modules -> /etc/init.d/modules lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2003-10-18 17:28 net.lo -> /etc/init.d/net.lo lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2003-10-18 17:28 netmount -> /etc/init.d/netmount lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2003-10-18 17:28 rmnologin -> /etc/init.d/rmnologin lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2003-10-18 17:28 urandom -> /etc/init.d/urandom /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/default: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 2003-10-18 17:28 consolefont -> /etc/init.d/consolefont lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2003-10-18 17:28 distccd -> /etc/init.d/distccd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2003-10-18 17:28 keymaps -> /etc/init.d/keymaps lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2003-10-18 17:28 local -> /etc/init.d/local lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2003-10-18 17:28 sshd -> /etc/init.d/sshd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2003-10-18 17:28 syslog-ng -> /etc/init.d/syslog-ng lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2003-10-18 17:28 vixie-cron -> /etc/init.d/vixie-cron /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/nonetwork: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2003-10-18 17:28 local -> /etc/init.d/local /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/single: total 0
Now is a good time to boot the slave and cross some fingers. It works? Congratulations, you are now the proud owner of (a) diskless node(s).
This page is based on a document formerly found on our main website gentoo.org.
The following people contributed to the original document: Michael Andrews, Kristian Jerpetjoen, Xavier Neys
They are listed here because wiki history does not allow for any external attribution. If you edit the wiki article, please do not add yourself here; your contributions are recorded on each article's associated history page.